At the viral chatter stage of an outbreak, pathogens are just starting to infect people in sporadic bursts. It's a sign that ...

and FDA—the acting heads of those agencies—have all recommended against the use of the bird flu vaccine for that particular genotype because the vaccine could actually promote antigenic shift ...

When two or more existing strains combine to form a new strain that is called antigenic shift. Such a significant mutation occurs, for instance, when a flu virus from a bird and a flu virus from ...

In 1958, a new strain of influenza A with different HA and NA was identified and antigenic shift was discovered; the need for a trivalent vaccine was recognized. Technical advances have made it ...

These strains occur because of the phenomenon known as antigenic shift, in which humans are infected with avian influenza viruses or viruses that contain a combination of genes from human and ...

The transporters associated with antigen processing (TAPs) allow antigenic peptides that have been generated in the cytosol to be transported into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER ...