With open-loop therapies, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid closed-loop systems automatically regulate insulin delivery. A study with the involvement of the German Center ...

Lambda tuning for self-regulating processes can cause a closed-loop response that is slower or faster than the open-loop response time of the process. Though lambda is defined as the closed-loop time ...

Find your perfect cruise If you're still interested in cruising without a passport, you need to choose a closed-loop sailing rather than an open-loop (also known as open-jaw) voyage. Here's how ...

According to an Australian research team, closed-loop systems could prevail on open-loop systems in the future and this trend is confirmed by another group of scientists from the United States.

With some skill and knowledge, it is reasonably easy to identify which of these common factors is the root cause of poor control loop performance. With closed-loop control, poor performance typically ...