The best salt-free water softener offers an alternative to traditional water softeners. See top-rated options and shopping tips here.

Explore the world of large-scale manufacturing as we explore the giant paper pipe production process at a high-volume ...

I use advanced x-ray imaging techniques (XCT, XRD-CT) to study the pipe scales on primarily lead service lines (LSLs). Pipe scales form on the inside of LSLs to passivate the pipes and prevent ...

One comprehensive review highlighted the corrosion processes and scale formation in unlined cast iron pipes, emphasizing how these factors can lead to discolored and deteriorated water quality ...