Seleucus of Seleucia was an ancient astronomer who defended heliocentrism, arguing that Earth orbits the Sun and rotates on ...

The Ptolemaic Dynasty, established by the Macedonian Greek general Ptolemy I Soter, ruled Egypt for almost three centuries.

The struggle continued with shifting alliances, including Antigonus against Ptolemy and Seleucus, leading to key battles like Gaza (312 BC) and the Babylonian War. As Ptolemy sought expansion in ...