Sodium becomes a positive ion and chlorine becomes a negative ... The attraction by the chlorine atoms is stronger than the attraction by the calcium atom. Two electrons are transferred from the ...

In a new study, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) used a cloud of ultracold sodium atoms to ...

After the second level has 8 electrons, the next electron goes into the third level. 3rd Period: Sodium to argon—Electrons go into the third energy level. After the third energy level has 8 electrons, ...

For example, the atomic number of sodium is 11. Every sodium atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons. It has 11 positive charges and 11 negative charges. The mass number of an atom is its total ...