Despite being trapped in the middle, the mesosphere is the coldest layer of Earth's atmosphere, with temperatures as low as -130F (-90C) at the very top of the mesosphere. This is because the ...

indicating differences in temperature, composition, and solidity within the layer. It also plays a crucial role in mantle ...

Estimates of its temperature vary ... The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. It is the familiar landscape on which we live: rocks, soil, and seabed. It ranges from about five miles ...

Scientists have always been curious about the atmosphere surrounding us, but in the past, they could not just hop on a spaceship to see what was up there. Instead, scientists hiked up high ...

The Earth has a layered structure made up of the core, the mantle and the crust. Different elements are present in different parts of the Earth’s structure. The crust is made from enormous ...