Despite being trapped in the middle, the mesosphere is the coldest layer of Earth's atmosphere, with temperatures as low as -130F (-90C) at the very top of the mesosphere. This is because the ...

indicating differences in temperature, composition, and solidity within the layer. It also plays a crucial role in mantle ...

Estimates of its temperature vary ... The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. It is the familiar landscape on which we live: rocks, soil, and seabed. It ranges from about five miles ...

Scientists have always been curious about the atmosphere surrounding us, but in the past, they could not just hop on a spaceship to see what was up there. Instead, scientists hiked up high ...

The Earth has a layered structure made up of the core, the mantle and the crust. Different elements are present in different parts of the Earth’s structure. The crust is made from enormous ...

The Earth is made up of different layers: Therefore, instead of tectonic plates moving because of the convection currents, evidence suggests it is the plates that drive the convection. Slab pull ...